Research Methods Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Methods - Coursework Example County hospital records detailing the age, ethnicity, level of education, gender, etc. of each individual treated for drug overdose during the period in which the spike is usually recorded, from the time when it became prevalent; The list is by no means exhaustive. However, in analyzing these records, frequency distribution will most likely isolate a major group or two, which will facilitate success in further investigation. In dealing with a subject of such nature, this research method is arguably more effective than a survey, which, according to Wikipedia, depends on â€Å"subjects’ motivation, honesty, memory, and ability to respond.† Drug users may not be willing respondents in a survey. Observer participation is another method that is very useful not only when â€Å"the phenomenon is sufficiently limited in size and location to be studied as a case† but also when â€Å"the phenomenon is hidden from public view (crime and deviance, secretive groups and organizations, such as drug users & dealers†¦)† (Jorgensen, 1989; 13). The data obtained from the statistical analysis of official records is the blueprint upon which this research method will be employed. That is, the group(s) that most frequently occur(s) in his analysis will be the focus. In a manner of investigation, the researcher can ease himself into the social environment of the group(s) in question, within and (if his study demands) outside the period in which drug overdose is common. Here, â€Å"the research problem can be addressed by qualitative data gathered by direct observation and other means pertinent to the field setting† (Jorgensen, 1989; 13), thereby helping the researcher gain firsthand information on the attitudes, behavior, practices and habits of (each of) the group(s) in question. This ‘investigation’ will most likely see them open up about drug

Symbols Of Truth in Langston Hughes On The Road Essay -- Road Langsto

Langston Hughes uses beautiful symbolism and imagery in his literary work â€Å"On the Road†. Hughes offers up the idea that if one is to open ones heart; life will provide unlimited abundance. In this literary work, Langston Hughes uses nature to demonstrate and symbolize the unwillingness of his main character, Sargeant, to participate in life. Hughes also demonstrates the use of a person’s anger and instinct to survive and how they both can be used as powerful forces in breaking down racial barriers. Another more impacting symbol Hughes uses is Jesus Christ as a metaphor. Hughes uses this to show how people experience life and how the traditional church values contradict each other when it comes to the acceptance of human beings. Therefore after reading â€Å"On the Road†, the views of nature, racial barriers, and values are explained to the readers and the power behind them. To begin with, Langston Hughes uses nature to demonstrate the distinct relationship amongst blacks and whites during the depression. The writing shows the relationship between the different races amongst the men and women. Hughes use of the snow and night express a simple point, but through the use of these metaphors, he enables the story to be a little less invasive and more appealing to the reader. His main character, Sargeant, is left doubting the integrity of life. Hughes wrote, "Sargeant didn't see the snow, not even under the bright lights of the main street, falling white and flaky against the night. He was too hungry, too sleepy, too tired"(296). Langston Hughes stated like this because at the time Sargeant was one minded and did not take the time to notice the beauty and lessons that nature was showing to him. For almost two hundred years white people hav... ...argeant did not see Jesus Christ in the real world, but in his dreams he was able to experience what he needed. Hughes instills that just because you can not see something does not mean that it does not exist. Also that most will only hear what they want to hear. In the end we find that Langston Hughes use of symbolism re-enforce the points he is expressing. In â€Å"On the Road† nature, racism, and values are the three main points and Hughes was trying to express. Sargeant faced many hardships and tasks in his life. Langston Hughes wrote about these hard times from his experiences and the time period he was in. The tension that arose throughout the story by having a down and out black man survive, by using his faith and power of will. No society or way of life was going to take Sargeant down without a fight and Hughes echoed that throughout the entire literary work.

Symbolism in “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner

Abel Girma Mr. Lucky English Language and Literature IB Y1 04 September 2012 Word Count: 1087 The Consciousness of Symbolism in â€Å"A Rose For Emily† â€Å"Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair† read the last lines of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, a short story written by the American author and Nobel Prize laureate William Faulkner, published in 1931.These last words put a shocking and rather disturbing end to this piece depicting the strange life of Emily Grierson, and her obdurate refusal to adapt to changes in her life, living in her own non-transforming world. Various symbols are used throughout the text although Faulkner did not use any kind of conscious symbolism. The validity of this claim lies in his Nobel Prize in Literature acceptance speech, his biography and his in terview on the meaning of â€Å"A rose for Emily†. Emily Grierson is portrayed as â€Å"A fallen monument† from the very beginning of the story as the narrator starts to describe the ceremonial procedures following her death.Soon after, her home, a â€Å"house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies. † (Section I of â€Å"A Rose for Emily) Is adjacently undermined as â€Å"an eyesore among eyesores † (Section I of â€Å"A Rose for Emily), invaded by the deteriorating and industrialized neighborhood that used to be an illustriously reputed neighborhood in the 1970s. This is a fine example of symbolism used in the text as it gives an inkling of the stubbornness in which Emily, a southern woman has lived her life cleaved to the past and immersed in old southern traditions.Similarly, the â€Å"Rose† in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a thought-provoking symbo l due to the fact that it is never mentioned throughout the totality of the story. The interpretations of the â€Å"Rose† are unbounded and debatable. It can be understood as being a rose of sympathy Faulkner would like to dedicate to Emily for she had lived an undeniably grim life of solitude and misery. It can equally be interpreted as a rose representing the love Emily desperately needed in her life but never truly found, seeing as a rose generally symbolizes love in most cultures.Likewise, another shock kindling and incontestably pivotal symbol in the story is confined within the last sentence, â€Å"the long strand of iron-gray hair†. These last words reveal the gruesome moral depravity in which Emily lived a great part of her life, sleeping beside the decaying corpse of Homer, the first potential true-love in Emily's life that decided to leave her soon after they started spending a lot of time together. The strand of hair symbolizes the often heretical path which people cross in the quest for love.There is not a clear enough correlation between most of the symbols and what they symbolize for them to have been an application of conscious symbolism. Furthermore Faulkner himself has ascertained that he doesn't rely on consciously using symbolism to channel his philosophies as an author. Effectively, William Faulkner blatantly denies using any conscious symbolism. He explains: â€Å"I was simply trying to write about people [†¦] it was no intention of the writer to say, Now let's see, I'm going to write a piece in which I will use a symbolism [†¦]† (extract from the interview â€Å"A Meaning of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†).This quotation further validates the argument that the symbolism used by Faulkner was unintentional. Ray Bradbury, one of the most renowned American writers of the 20th century explains his take on this topic in a response to a letter from a 16 year old student in 1963. The student wanted to know more abo ut the use of symbolism in literary works so Bradbury stated that â€Å"I never consciously place symbolism in my writing. That would be a self-conscious exercise and self-consciousness is defeating to any creative act. [†¦ ] The best symbolism is always unsuspected and natural. Faulkner also describes his main interest as a writer as being about â€Å"the human heart in conflict with itself† (Nobel Prize acceptance speech). Thus, his sole purpose as a writer goes against the act of using conscious symbolism. Accordingly, in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, he tells the outlandish, yet compelling story of Miss Emily Grierson's internal conflict in the pursuit of happiness and love that leads her to unorthodox – even satanic – acts. Faulkner's â€Å"A Rose for Emily† offers symbols with limitless interpretations and therefore proves to a considerable extent that the use of those symbols weren't conscious.Moreover, It would be contumelious not to agree with the author when he denies the use of conscious symbolism. Symbolism in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is consistently present and plays a major role in the possible readers' interpretations of the story's message. However, the use of symbols in a literary work is inevitable and isn't always a product of a conscious act. This means that the fact that there is symbolism in the text isn't a contradiction to the author's initial goal which is writing a mere ghost story inspired by â€Å"a picture of a strand of hair on the pillow in the abandoned house. (Interview on The Meaning of â€Å"A Rose for Emily†). Consequently, the unconscious symbolisms within the story give it sophistication and depth due to its readers' interpretations, not due to the immoral act of imposing symbolism upon them. The American author Isaac Asimov encompasses the answer to the controversy of the use of symbolism in his response to the same letter about from the 16 year old student: â€Å"Conscio usly? Heavens, no! Unconsciously? How can one avoid it? † Faulkner did not use conscious symbolism in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†.Numerous applications of symbolism are present in this short ghost-story and they do hold a non-negligible position in the overall meaning of the piece based on each readers' understanding of them. Nevertheless, the literary virtuoso, William Faulkner did not intentionally place these symbols as a means to convey his message in a latent manner. In lieu of doing so, he straight-forwardly wrote a simple ghost-story containing inevitable symbols. As a matter of fact, we may ask ourselves: to what extent is the conscious use of symbolism in literature in order to convey message, efficient and effective?

French News Vocabulary

The French you learn in classes and grammar books is not always enough when dealing with the real world. This list of French vocabulary related to current events will help you understand news in French. à   la une  - on the front pageles achats de prà ©caution  -  panic buyinglactualità ©, les actualità ©s  -  newsaffolà © (adj)  -  panic-strickenallà ©guà © (adj)  -  allegedun appel  -  appeal, callune arme  -  weapon, gunune arme blanche -  knifeles armes de destruction massive -  weapons of mass destructionassassiner  -  to murderun attentat  -  attackun attentat-suicide  -  suicide bombinglavortement  -  abortionla banlieue  -  suburbun bilan  -  appraisal, assessment, death tollblessà © (adj)  -  injured, woundedune bombe  -  bombla canicule  -  heat waveun cas de force majeure​  -  disaster (natural or man-made)les Casques bleus  -  UN peacekeeping forcesun casseur  -  rioterune catastrophe aà ©rienne  -  air disasterune catastrophe à ©cologique  -  environmental disasterune catastrophe naturelle  -  natural disasterun cessez-le-feu  -  cease-firele chà ´mage  -  unemploymentun collecte au profit des sinistrà ©s  -  disaster fundun coup dEtat  -  coup detat, overthrowune coupure de courant  -  power outagele crime  -  crimeun criminel, une criminelle  -  criminalune crise  -  crisisun cyclone  -  cyclone, hurricanedes dà ©gà ¢ts  -  damagele deuil  -  bereavement, mourningun dà ©sastre financier  -  financial disasterun dà ©sastre politique  -  political disasterles drogues (fem)  -  drugsun à ©boulement  -  rockslideune à ©lection  -  electionune à ©meute  -  riotune enquà ªte  -  investigationune à ©pidà ©mie  -  epidemicextrader  -  to extraditeun feu  -  fireun flic (informal)  -  copla garde à   vue  - police custodyà ªtre mis/placà © en garde à   vue  - to be kept in custody, held for questioningle gaz lacrymogà ¨ne  - tear gasun glissement de terrain  - landslideune grà ¨ve (faire la grà ¨ve)  -  strike (to be on strike)la gu erre  -  warla grippe aviaire  -  bird flula grippe porcine  -  swine fluhexagonal  -  FrenchlHexagone  - Franceun immigrant, un immigrà ©Ã‚  -  immigrantles impà ´ts (masc)  -  taxesun incendie  - fireune inondation  - floodinonder  - to floodun insurgà ©Ã‚  -  insurgentdes intempà ©ries  -  bad weatherIVG  - abortion​le kamikaze  - suicide bomberla loi  - lawla lutte (literal/figurative) - struggle, fightune manifestation  - demonstrationle meurtre  - murderla mondialisation  - globalizationune navette spatiale  - space shuttleun obus  - explosive shellopà ©ration escargot  - rolling blockadeun ouragan  - hurricaneune panne dà ©lectricità ©Ã‚  - blackout, power cutla peine de mort  - death penaltyla pà ©nurie  - shortage, lackla police  - policeun policier  - police officerla politique  -  politics, policyle politique  -  politicianpoursuivre en justice  -  to suele pouvoir dachat  -  bu ying powerprà ©sumà © (adj)  -  allegedun procà ¨s  -  trialle rechauffement de la planà ¨te  -  global warmingla rà ©gion sinistrà ©e  - disaster areaune rà ©plique  - after-shock, counter-attackla retraite  - retirementsalir  - to soil, tarnish, or smearun scrutin  - ballot, electionun sà ©isme  - earthquake, upheavalselon (prep) - according toun sinistrà ©, une sinistrà ©e  - disaster victimun soldat  - soldierun sondage  - pollle suicide assistà ©Ã‚  - assisted suicideun syndicat  - unionle systà ¨me de santà © publique  -  health care systemun tà ©moin  -  witnessune tempà ªte  -  stormle terrorisme  -  terrorismtirer (sur)  -  to shoot (at)les titres  - headlines, headline newsune tornade  - tornadoles transports en commun  - public transitun tremblement de terre  - earthquakeune trà ªve  - trucetuer  - to killun vaccin  - vaccineune victime  - victim (Note that this word is always feminine, ev en when referring to a man)voter  - to vote

The Law around Petroleum Exploration and Production in Australia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2785 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction Petroleum exploration and production in Australia is carried out between two participants the government (Commonwealth, States or Territory) that owns the petroleum resources; and the oil companies who explores and produces the oil and gas (petroleum). There are two main reasons why governments need Oil Companies, is risk capital which is very expensive, and their lack of expertise to carry out petroleum exploration and production work.[1] Petroleum is a composite mixture of naturally transpiring hydrocarbon compound, which ranging from gas to solid. Hydrocarbons are organic chemical compounds where carbon and hydrogen are combined together in many ways. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Law around Petroleum Exploration and Production in Australia" essay for you Create order When in its simplest configuration it is methane gas when it becomes heavier it will usually change from a gas to a fluid then to a solid (bitumen).[2] This is a case study and how the good standing in the bidding process of petroleum permits was altered in the year 2000. Gaining Exploration Permits In September 1996 a syndicate comprising Shell Development Australia P/L (Shell) as operator, Chevron Asiatic Ltd (Chevron) and Cultus Timor Sea Ltd (Cultus) (Consortium) discovered petroleum in the Cornea structure. A structure is where petroleum deposits are found in sedimentary rock, this rock is full of holes like a hard sponge. Petroleum is trapped in these holes under pressure and heat for millions of years.[3] To search for petroleum an exploration permit (EP) is needed, an EP is where an applicant bids for the right for exclusive rights to explore for petroleum in prescribed areas of land(Blocks), for a six year term renewal for five years (only renewable twice). If petroleu m is found a Production Licence (PL) or if currently unprofitable a Retention Lease is needed. An EP is issued to undertake the most comprehensive assessment of the areaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s petroleum potential, using best practice management principles, having regard to the environment and to safety.[4] The Consortium had a Block EP WA-241-P the press had ventured that this EP in Commonwealth waters off Western Australia, was potentially the largest petroleum find outside the Bass Strait. Offshore petroleum exploration is managed by a joint authority (JA) between the Commonwealth and the State and Territory governments. State and Territory legislation relating to exploration encompasses to the coastal waters of three nautical miles starting at the low tide coast line. The area past this border under Exclusive Economic Zone[5] allows exclusive right to economic activity to the extent of 200 nautical miles from the shore line and to the continental shelfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s outer limit is regulated by Commonwealth legislation, which runs the activities and administration through the JA. All Territories and States have legislation that reflects the Commonwealth legislation.[6] New Blocks that were contiguous to the Consortium WA-241-P were gazetted for application with a closing date of 31/1/1997. The Government Gazette is the official publication to inform tenders/bidders listing specifications and conditions and the closing date of each tender after which bids are assessed and then awarded.[7] The Consortium made a bid three times greater than any other previous bid. Because they believed in their research that it would be productive. The Consortium was awarded the two EP WA-265-P and WA-266-P (WP) Blocks which were the contiguous to its WA-241-P. This was under the previous legislation of Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act 1967-1985 (Cth) (PSLA). The Commonwealth has subsequently repealed that legislation and replaced it with the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse G as Storage Act 2006 (Cth) (OPGGSA) which commenced in 2008. The Mandatory Work Program Mandatory work programs benefit not only the applicants as they also provide the most comprehensive assessment of Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s petroleum potential and increases geological knowledge of Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offshore sedimentary basins.[8] If petroleum is discovered it will also provide worldwide interest in developing Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s petroleum resources. After the first year the Consortium assessment of WP was it was uncommercial, their analysis was high viscosity, thin rim of oil, with less than ten percent recoverable oil. High viscosity oil (bitumen) has been degraded from crude oil by erosion and bacteria. High viscosity oil is very resistance to flow at reservoir temperatures making it uncommercial at this time to mine.[9] The Consortium conceded their scientific bases for their bids were invalid. After using the best available science there is no sub stitute for actual drilling the wells. The Consortium applied that the second permit year to be suspended, and for the term of each permit to be extended by a similar period. This would allow them to stop work and give them time to be able to work out a way of not fulfilling any further obligations they have under their EP. The JA rejected the Consortium applications, their grounds were not considered to be force majeure. The term force majeure concerns the law of indemnity and is used in contracts to safeguard the participants in the occasion that a section of the contract canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be executed due to reasons that are beyond the power of the participants, such as physical disasters, that couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be avoided through the implementation of due care.[10] JA stands for joint authority,[11] membership for each State and Territory, consist of the responsible Commonwealth Minister and the relevant State or Territory Minister. The JA can delegate all or any of their powers and functions to appropriate State/Territory and Commonwealth department officials. Key functions and powers of the JA include: the release of exploration areas for offshore petroleum, evaluation of trade bids of these areas, refusal or granting and renewing of offshore petroleum titles, alteration of title conditions, extension and suspension to title terms and the cancelling of titles.[12] The Consortium drilled a further five wells and applied to surrender their permits, as the Consortium wished to obtain future contracts, and it didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t wish to comprise its good standing arrangements (GSA) with the Government. The Consortium didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t refuse to complete the mandatory work program and suffer the cancellation of the EP. A refusal could mean loss of GSA and costly long drawn out legal action and could have ramification for its present/future permits, not only with the Australian Government but they could lose face worldwide. This could als o make it very difficult with their other acreage if they were successful in finding productive fields they may find very difficult to obtain a petroleum production licence to harvest their find. Good Standing Arrangements Under S104 of the PSLA [now OPGGSA s 270 (6)] if the Consortium didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t complete the primary work program for the first three years they would have breached the EP conditions. At that time it was government policy to only surrender the EP and retain good-standing at the commencement of the fourth year after fulfilling the conditions once the first three years were completed. The Commonwealth maintains a GSA register, of all offshore petroleum joint authorities and records all evolvement against GSA agreements. Any miscarriage to comply with the terms of the GSA would cause the permittee and company directors, being recorded as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"not in good standingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ with the JA for five years from the when the cancellation of t he permit was gazetted.[13] The federal minister responded to the Consortium in a negative manner stating it would not be consistent with maintaining the integrity of the work program bidding system, and the need of fairness to all companies exploring offshore. Offshore petroleum titles were granted on the system of work-programme bidding. This scheme allocates exploration acreage to applicants who are offering the greatest amount of work to investigate the petroleum capability of a release area. This is subject to having the financial and technical capability to comply with their work commitments.[14] Maintaining the integrity of the work program bidding system, with fairness to all companies exploring offshore, is an overriding concern of the Government.[15] Because of the impact the Consortium application to surrender their WP permits may have, the JA started proceedings to cancel the WP permits. As the Consortium didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t complete the primary work program for the first three years, it would be taken they had not complied with EP conditions regarding work.[16] The minister of state for territories, as the designated authority (DA) cancelled the WP permits on 10/12/1999.[17] The likely impact on the Consortium at that time would have meant loss of their GSA (Government policy at that time), costly long drawn out legal action and have ramification of its present/future permits. New Agreement on Good Standing Arrangements On 19/10/1999 the federal minister announced the Consortium had reached agreement with the Commonwealth and West Australian governments to maintain their GSA. Shell persuaded the government that thirty million dollars was their share of the cost of the remaining obligatory wells. They offered to spend that amount on exploration in areas not taken up in recent releases. Not all Blocks have companies that wish to explore them some have no bidders after tenders close, so Shell will spend the thirty million dollars on some of those Blocks. Chevron offered to spend seventeen and a half million dollars drilling additional wells on its other EP in lieu of completing its share of its WP outstanding leases. The Government could see the benefit in coming to these arrangements with Shell and Chevron. As the Australian Government is looking to achieve the most comprehensive assessment of Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s petroleum potential and increasing geological knowledge of Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offshore sedimentary basins.[18] To maximise the financial value of Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s petroleum resources, supply Australians with a dependable supply of competitively valued energy and at the same time ensuring a suitable return to Australians for the depleting of these non-renewable resources.[19] Australia has an active policy to attract international investment, and seeks to encourage and retain investment from international oil companies.[20] Both Shell and Chevron has provided considerable risk c apital previously and it is in the Australian Government best interest to continue to have them as bidders in the future. There isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t a large amount of companies wishing to risk a large amount of risk capital in Australia as it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t obtain a bidder for some of its blocks. The outcome of these negotiations by Shell and Chevron became embodied as an amendment to the PSLA in 2000, then was Offshore Petroleum Act 2006 (Cth) s 84 (2) and now OPGGSA s 106 (2). Before this amendment to the PSLA in 2000 the JA had no discretion to negotiate an agreement so as a defaulter not be placed on the banned list for GSA. Since the amendment the JA can now negotiate with permit holders to ensure that they are not placed on the banned list. GSA is the consideration of the assessment of the applicants past performance for an EP. Being recorded as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"not in good standingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ would mean the permittee would be banned from holding an EP for fiv e years. A full list of GSA guidelines can be found under Exploration Permit Guideline: Permit Conditions and Administration (2012) s 5.[21] Ranking of multiple applicants for work-bid petroleum exploration permit, is the negotiation held between the permittee and the JA to prevent being recorded as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"not in good standingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, all of the negotiation guidelines are laid out in the OPGGSA.[22] Conclusion The association involving the Oil Companies and the governments of Australia is one where they both have different reasons for coming together to explore for Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s petroleum resources. For the Oil Companies it is profit, so for them they want to spend the least amount of their funds for maximum amount of profit for their company and shareholders. This is why governments of Australia have to be very careful when dealing with Oil Companies especially in the areas of safety and the environment. Even when Governments lay down laws and regulations to control safety and the environment Oil Companies take short cuts and donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t follow safety regulations. Look at the BP Deepwater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico, where people have been killed and injured, and environment ruined.[23] Where Governments have different priorities, they look to develop Petroleum benefit of current and future Australians. This includes revenue, many other related businesses and employment. This study shows how both Oil Companies and Governments need each other for their own goals. When problems occur there is a need for common sense and both parties need to work together to find a solution.[24] Bibliography A Articles/Books/Reports The APPEA Journal, [2003] David Maloney, Australias Offshore Petroleum Work Program Bidding System [2008] Journal of Natural Resources 127 Hunter Tina and John Chandler, Petroleum Law in Australia (LexisNexis Butterworths, 2013) B Case Law C Legislation Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act 1967-1985 (Cth) Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (Cth) D Treaties E Other Australian Government Gazettes, AusTender (2013) https://australia.gov.au/publications/australian-government-gazettes Commonwealth Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Exploration Permit Guideline: Permit Conditions and Administration (2012) https://www.nopta.gov.au/_documents/guidelines/PermitConditionsAdministration.pdf Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Australian Petroleum News (October 2010) https://www.innovation.gov.au/resource/Documents/upstream-petroleum/apn/APN%20Oct%202010.pdf Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Competitive Cash Bidding System (2013) https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1ved=0CEIQFjAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.innovation.gov.au%2Fresource%2FDocuments%2Fupstream-petroleum%2FCash-Bidding-Fact-Sheet.docei=t9PdUtjfMsaLkwW8yICIAgusg=AFQjCNGNRcGMMNLx5NYwdi7Ct_HquJ8tEQbvm=bv.595 68121,d.dGI Encyclopedia of Earth, Deepwater Horizon Disaster (December 2010) https://www.eoearth.org/view/article/161185/ Energy Task Force, Securing Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Energy Future (2004) https://www.efa.com.au/Library/CthEnergyWhitePaper.pdf Farlex, The Free Legal Dictionary (January 2014) https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Force+Majeure Government of Western Australia, Petroleum Exploration Permits (3 July 2013) https://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/1691.aspx Kansas Geological Survey, Energy Research (June 2008) https://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/Sub9/page2.html LexisNexis, Minerals Exploration and Prospecting (11 August 2011) https://www.lexisnexis.com.au/pdf/exploration.pdf National Offshore Petroleum Titles Administrator, Joint Authority (January 2012) https://www.nopta.gov.au/joint_authority.html United Nations, Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) a 56 https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_over view_convention.htm U.S. Geological Survey, Fact Sheet 70-03 Heavy Oil and Natural Bitumen (August 2003) https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs070-03/fs070-03.html 1 [1] Tina Hunter and John Chandler, Petroleum Law in Australia (LexisNexis Butterworths, 2013) 14. [2] Ibid 2-3. [3] Kansas Geological Survey, Energy Research (June 2008) https://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/Sub9/page2.html. [4] Government of Western Australia, Petroleum Exploration Permits (3 July 2013) https://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/1691.aspx. [5] United Nations, Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) a 56 https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_overview_convention.htm. [6] LexisNexis, Minerals Exploration and Prospecting (11 August 2011) https://www.lexisnexis.com.au/pdf/exploration.pdf. [7] Australian Government Gazettes, AusTender (2013) https://australia.gov.au/publications/australian-government-gazettes. [8] Government of Western Australia, Petroleum Exploration Permits (3 July 2013) https://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/1691.aspx. [9] U.S. Geological Survey, Fact Sheet 70-03 Heavy Oil and Natural Bitumen (August 2003) https://pu bs.usgs.gov/fs/fs070-03/fs070-03.html. [10] Farlex, The Free Legal Dictionary (January 2014) https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Force+Majeure. [11] Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (Cth) s 56. [12] National Offshore Petroleum Titles Administrator, Joint Authority (January 2012) https://www.nopta.gov.au/joint_authority.html. [13] Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Australian Petroleum News (October 2010) https://www.innovation.gov.au/resource/Documents/upstream-petroleum/apn/APN Oct 2010.pdf. [14] Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Competitive Cash Bidding System (2013) https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1ved=0CEIQFjAAurl=https://www.innovation.gov.au/resource/Documents/upstream-petroleum/Cash-Bidding-Fact-Sheet.docei=t9PdUtjfMsaLkwW8yICIAgusg=AFQjCNGNRcGMMNLx5NYwdi7Ct_HquJ8tEQbvm=bv.59568121,d.dGI. [15] The APPEA Journal, Volume 43 (2003) https://www.appea.com.au/industry-in-depth/appea- submissions-and-reports/appea-journal/. [16] Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act 1967-1985 (Cth) s 104. [17] Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act 1967-1985 (Cth) s 105 (1) (e). [18] Government of Western Australia, Petroleum Exploration Permits (3 July 2013) https://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/1691.aspx. [19] Energy Task Force, Securing Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Energy Future (2004) https://www.efa.com.au/Library/CthEnergyWhitePaper.pdf. [20] David Maloney, Australias Offshore Petroleum Work Program Bidding System (2008) 21 Journal of Natural Resources 127. [21] Commonwealth Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, Exploration Permit Guideline: Permit Conditions and Administration (2012) https://www.nopta.gov.au/_documents/guidelines/PermitConditionsAdministration.pdf. [22] Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (Cth) s 106. [23] Encyclopedia of Earth, Deepwater Horizon Disaster (December 2010) https://www.eoearth.org/view/article/161185/. [24] Tina Hunter and John Chandler, Petroleum Law in Australia (LexisNexis Butterworths, 2013).

Counseling Research - 1570 Words

Analyzing Interventions: Solution Focused Brief Therapy Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to show how using different research methods such as: quantitative, qualitative, single-case designs, action research, and outcome-based research is used to form an intervention focused on an adolescent with any kind of phobia based on the Solution-Focused Brief therapy. Not to retract in time, but to help the client come up with a possible solution of their phobia within a short amount of time. Different researches show the different ways and strategies of information gained by different counselors. Discuss the importance using research to advance the counseling profession (2 paragraphs) There are many things that research brings to the†¦show more content†¦Looking at what earlier researches psychologists have done in their interventions will also help guide my practice. Something very interesting that I noticed in this research was that they were very aware about the client’s culture (multicultural) background in order to be able to understand how they would attend them best. Provide a summary of the state of research as it relates to your topic of interest. (1-2 pages) As noticed in my articles I wasn’t focused on a specific type of phobia but just all in general. I found this topic to be important to me because my mom happens to have phobia of snakes and gets these â€Å"anxious† attacks that as I was reading in the articles it’s a common sign in most patients. First thing I saw in relation to my topic is that in order to have a successful care the patient needs to be willing to try the things the counselors ask, but most of all is to establish that trust between counselor and client. Start with little steps at a time where the client starts achieving small goals at a time to eventually decrease to loose the phobia completely. 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Mayan Civilization and ruins Free Essays

Since the dawn of mankind, there has always been civilizations have that have made a lasting impression on the world. There very few civilizations that have been that have achieved the term greatness associated with it and ‘Mayan civilization’ is one of the rare few. It can be dubbed as one of the longest serving civilizations of the ancient times as it is noted that it started around 1000 B. We will write a custom essay sample on Mayan Civilization and ruins or any similar topic only for you Order Now C but ended by 1500 A.D. It was considered as they were one of the most advance civilizations on the western hemisphere until the arrival of the Europeans. This civilization was located in Central America and was found from the north central down to the southern part of Mexico. This was a civilization that went through periodical changes in its living due to external factors associated with it. This Native American culture is noted in the history as one of the advance civilizations of that era. There has been a popular belief that has been associated with the Mayan civilization that it was an amalgamated empire. In actual terms it was a whole host of divided units having a common cultural background. The entire ‘Yucantan Pennisula’ had around 20 states which were all ruled by different sovereign leadership, but on an inventive logic, they were a nation on their own with religion being an important aspect of their lives. Since the Mayan civilization was spread on a large area, the geographical conditions for the civilization varied with extremities, which can adjudged from the fact they had volcanic mountains from the highlands in the south to porous limestone areas dominating the central and the northern regions of the civilization. Mayan civilization can be categorized into three categories, pre-classic period, classic period and post classic period. The entire culture has revolved and evolved around these three periods. The civilization had huge forests and because of the diversity of the topographical situation of the civilization, varied no of animals like the ‘caiman’, a fierce kind of crocodile to different kinds of monkeys was found. Mayan pre classic period This was supposed to be the period of formulation in which the population boomed and new innovative techniques were made for agriculture. The leaders were chosen from strong spiritual backgrounds and it was considered as that the lowlands of the civilization held acute importance because it was supposed to be a ceremonial centre. The following will explain the Mayan professional inclinations and techniques: ‘In the Preclassic period, they adopted intensive farming techniques such as continuous cultivation involving crop rotation and fertilizers, household gardens, and terraces. In some areas, they built raised fields in seasonal swamps. Their main crops included maize (corn), beans, squash, avocados, chili peppers, pineapples, papayas, and cacao, which was made into a chocolate drink with water and hot chilies. Rabbits, deer, and turkeys were hunted for making stews. Fishing also supplied part of their diet. Turkeys, ducks, and dogs were kept as domesticated animals. When they were not hunting, fishing, or in the fields, Maya men made stone tools, clay figurines, jade carvings, ropes, baskets, and mats. The women made painted pottery vessels out of coiled strands of clay, and they wove ponchos, men’s loincloths’ (Encarta) Mayans were very much influenced by spirituality and had gods for almost every thing that even included gods for rains, good harvest. As time passed by the study of astronomy became popular in that era leading to studies of astrology on the basis of sun moon and other planets. Major edifices were constructed then like ‘kaminaljuyu’ and ‘tikal’ were constructed which were pyramid shaped high temples, where the system of sacrifice was started to be used. More and more massive pyramids started building in that era and the priests started enjoying super powers. Women weren’t that important from political point of view and it was a very rare sight to see women on top chieftain positions. Mayan Classic period This was an era of the Mayan civilization that can be considered as its prime era and here the system of king and kingship started which had a system of the king’s family continuing as future leaders. There was also a hierarchical system in which the government functioned.   There was major research done in the field of medicine and writing was developed extensively. The subject of astronomy had become more enhance with calculative movements predicting rains to fortune to the cities.   This was the time when societies had turned into complex models the king was noted the highest figure after which there were the priests and then the nobles who mainly responsible for protecting land and attacking enemies. This was the time of more gore and violence and mini wars were constantly waged between one and other. What mad this era special was the Mayan civilization themselves started noting rituals and their history with their elaborative writing skills. The transition of power from generations to ethical rituals along with its architectural secrets was all jotted down on stone and wood. Later on folding tree books were made as they were more handy then carrying stones. Due to the high humidity and invasions, these books didn’t survive and only 4 books are known today, i.e., the Dresden codex, the Madud coded, the Paris codex and the Grolier codex. The learning also was limited to mostly priests and few nobles and a monopoly was played so that only few people could learn and use their knowledge on others. The writing also consisted of mostly pictures and pictography was first devised by Mayan civilization for learning purposes. This was also an important era that marked trade as an important aspect of the civilization. Sacrifice was an important aspect for the culture and the following would hard line the fact of Mayan civilizations involvement in sacrifices:‘Indian pictorial texts known as â€Å"codices,† as well as Spanish accounts from the time, quote Indians as describing multiple forms of human sacrifice. Victims had their hearts cut out or were decapitated, shot full of arrows, clawed, sliced to death, stoned, crushed, skinned, buried alive or tossed from the tops of temples. Children were said to be frequent victims, in part because they were considered pure and unspoiled. The first researchers tried to make a distinction between the ‘peaceful’ Maya and the ‘brutal’ cultures of central Mexico and But in carvings and mural paintings, he said, â€Å"we have now found more and greater similarities between the Aztecs and Mayas,† including a Maya ceremony in which a grotesquely costumed priest is shown pulling the entrails from a bound and apparently living sacrificial victim’ (Mark Stevenson). Mayan post Classic period This can be considered as a time when the decline of the Mayan civilization started step by step. Since the governments had become much segmented, there was more violence and war during that phase, where entire villages would get destroyed in the name of war. There was also the Toltec domination followed by Spanish invaders taking over Mexico by the early 16th century.   This was however the phase of having plastered walls and painted murals. Socially the civilization had peaked and it was mandatory for guests to bring in gifts while visits. Slave culture flourished in this era and slaves which were mostly people who were captured from wars were highly mistreated and often sacrificed after their masters dies, as they had an ideology that they would serve their masters in afterlife. Mayan Ruins Ruins of Mayan civilization can still be found it the entire peninsula. Their culture had so many architectural advancements that it is today possible to watch quiet a lot of their ruins and gather more information about them. Ruins like ‘the temple of the inscriptions’ in Mexico and the ‘palenque’ are very prominent ruins of the civilization. The former rises 75 feet and it is rested neatly over a hill and is one of the prime examples free standing pyramids. Another site in Mexico located in Coba, was built around 4 large lake structures and had been inhabitant for more than thousand years. The biggest pyramid of that site 120 feet and is known as Nohoch Mul. The following piece will explain the beauty and architectural genius of the civilization: ‘Miguel à ngel Asturias, named Nobel Laureate in 1967, wrote â€Å"Only Guatemala is comparable to itself,† describing it as â€Å"a land of natural dreamscapes†¦mysterious presences and absences.† Tikal, the largest known Mayan city, is incomparable in the same way; its size imposing and intimidating, its setting lush and teeming with wildlife, and with a mysterious and overwhelming atmosphere best described in the writing of Asturias’ Works Cited: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Encarta, â€Å" Mayan civilization†. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mark Stevenson, â€Å"Evidence may back human sacrifice claims†. http://www.livescience.com/history/human_sacrifice_050123.html 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Maya Ruins, â€Å"Photos of Tikal†. http://www.mayaruins.com/tikal.html 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeologic7/Ruins_of_the_Maya_Civilization.htm                      How to cite Mayan Civilization and ruins, Essay examples